Representation Of Teenagers And Stereotypes That Are...

FOA – Representation of teenagers rebelliousness and the stereotypes that are associated with them through the media? Intro Teenagers. They’re emotional, they’re smelly and they have a reputation for being disruptive dysfunctional members of society. By definition A teenager, or teen, is a young person whose age falls within the range from 13–19. They are called teenagers because their age number ends with teen. Today Grady and I will be adressing the represenatation of teenagers in the media and how and why they are percieved the way they are. All teens go through similar phases. The need for independence, a separate identity, testing authority. It s part of growing up; it s also linked to developmental changes in the brain that will eventually help them become analytical adults. But today s teens get an extra whammy, social pressures come earlier than in previous generations. Stereotypes (representations lead to stereotypes?) (Media stereotypes- teenagers) Stereotypes are generalizations about a group of people whereby we attribute a defined set of characteristics to this group. These classifications can be positive or negative, such as when various nationalities are stereotyped as friendly or unfriendly. The purpose of stereotypes is to help us know how to interact with others. Each classification has associations, scripts and so on that we use to interpret what they are saying, decide if they are good or bad, and choose how to respond to them (or not). It isShow MoreRelatedThe representation of youth in a clockwork orange and If....1437 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The representation of youths in ‘A Clockwork Orange’ and ‘If†¦.’ I will be investigating how youth is represented in the films A clockwork orange (1972) and If†¦. (1968) and how the films affected the views of the time and how the films influenced youths. I have chosen to investigate these films because of how both films were released at the time of the relaxation of violence in cinema. I also chose these films because the similar themes in both films, as both films focus on youths in societyRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society1678 Words   |  7 Pages When you are young you don t realize that what you are watching on the television is shaping many of your beliefs, distorting what is fictional and what is reality. The media plays a huge role in stereotyping black people compared to white people which has a major impact in how we view the people in our world. When we are watching tv or listening to the radio and it is constantly relating the color of a person s skin to their actions. This causes the audience to associate these actions with aRead MoreWhat I Will Talk About1332 Words   |  6 Pagesviolent, druggy’s, drunks †¢ Stereotypes †¢ Text 1: Once Were Warriors o Negative representation to Maori’s o Term ‘Warrior’ has changed over time o Violence †¢ Troubled Heke family †¢ (25.29 - 25.48: Jake abuses his wife: Shows that Maori’s are violent. The kids look scared.) †¢ Diagetic sound in the house – makes viewers understand more what the trouble is like to live in the troubled Heke familiy’s house. †¢ Text 2: Legend Drunk Driving Advertisement o Negative representation to Maori’s o Maori was foolishRead MoreFemininity, Masculinity, And Masculinity861 Words   |  4 PagesWomanhood is often associated with femininity while manhood with masculinity. Masculinity is the idea that men are tough both physically and mentally. Femininity, a term associated with being women is used to describe a women’s comportment and attitude. A gentle individual male or female, who wears dresses, skirts, high heels, makeup, and has long hair would be identified as feminine. Unfortunately, society judges and criticizes a women who do not depict feminine characteristics. Such women are regardedRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy and the Media Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat debate on whether or not mass media has an influence on teenage pregnancy. A study done by the RAND Corporation shows that teens are twice as likely to have sex or engage in sexual acts if they see similar sexual behavior in the media. Many objects in the media that involve sex target teens. Reality TV shows and teen dramas often portray the cool kids as the ones who are having sex (Chandra).Today’s teens are highly influenced by what they see in the media and this can change their behaviorRead MoreGender Bending : Femininity And Masculinity928 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Bending Womanhood is often associated with femininity while manhood with masculinity. Masculinity is the idea that men are tough both physically and mentally. Femininity, a term associated with being a women and used to describe a women’s comportment and attitude. A gentle individual, male or female, who wear dresses, skirts, high heels, makeup, have long hair is considered feminine. Unfortunately this term is used to define womanhood, if a womenRead MoreThe Media And Its Effect On Society2389 Words   |  10 Pages Representation shown in the media is not something people should be taking lightly. It has strong effects on everyone, whether it s fully grown adults, young children or teenagers. How the media present the real world to us can cause our beliefs and views to be skewed. Body image is an exceptionally big aspect of the media that should not be ignored. The ideal females being shown to teenage girls causes them to find many flaws in their own, non-air brushed selves. Body image extends beyondRead MoreStereotypes And Caricatures : The Film Ethnic Notions1445 Words   |  6 PagesEric Amoako Larissa Begley African American 05/05/16 Stereotypes and Caricatures The film Ethnic Notions examines the various caricatures of African Americans in popular culture and the consequences of these representations from the 1800s to the 1980s. The film showed how America went through a face of injustice for a period of time. The internet defines stereotype as qualities assigned to groups of people related to their race, nationality and sexual orientation, to name a few. (Kemick) ThroughoutRead MoreMedia s Negative Portrayal Of African American Males2653 Words   |  11 PagesMorrison said that whoever controls the media controls the mind. This shows that he had recognized the immense power and influence that the media has in our day to day lives. The media plays a very important role in the society as the source of information for every person. Hence, it is very hard for the modern society to live without the media. As a result of the media being the major source of information in our society, it is an undeniable fact the media shapes people’s o pinions, attitudes andRead MoreBarbie Doll Marge Piercy1700 Words   |  7 Pagesa story starring a suicidal young girl instead of a Barbie, the glamorous sex symbol the girl is compared to throughout the poem. Each of the four stanzas shows the different stages of the girl’s life, and how the influence of peer pressure and stereotypes destroy her. The opening stanza describes how according to society any â€Å"girl-child† spends her childhood. It sets the tone with a happy beginning and a positive attitude. She is presented with â€Å"dolls that did pee-pee† (2), miniature GE stoves and

An Exploration of the Malay Kompang - 2937 Words

AN EXPLORATION OF THE MALAY KOMPANG Name: Chan Tsui Sze Dora Matriculation Number: U1210644K Seminar Group Time: 1330 – 1530 Seminar Group Instructor: Cikgu Zubir Assignment: Research Paper in Malay Music Date: 10 April 2013 Word Count: 2245 Contents Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Kompang 3 1.1 Features of the Kompang 4 1.2 Features of Kompang Music 4 1.3 Performance Context 6 Chapter 2: Influences on the Malay Kompang 7 2.1 Arabic Influences 7 2.2 Portuguese Influences 9 2.3 Thai Influences 11 2.4 African Influences 12 Chapter 3: Future Changes in the Malay Kompang 14 3.1 Pop and Media Influences 14 3.2 Western Influences 15 Chapter 4: Conclusion†¦show more content†¦Additionally, there are even more types of Pukulan found in various forms of dance music (Abdullah, 2005). A summary of the different Pukulan specific to the Kompang Ezhar community is shown in Figure 1 below: Figure 1: A summary of the various types of Pukulan found in the Kompang Ezhar (Abdullah, 2005) In Kompang, rhythm is mainly characterized by the interlocking of different parts divided within the Kompang ensemble. Interlocking is basically done with two or more Kompangs playing simultaneously, with one part playing the Basic beat which is usually the downbeats; another part playing the Rhythm beat which is usually the off beats; and an additional part(s) playing the Leading beat which is usually characterized by triplets or a syncopated rhythm that creates a unique interlocking texture specific to the Malay Kompang musical genre (Hahril, 2010). In addition, instrumentation is a musical element that is relatively fixed in Kompang; there is usually a group of Kompangs playing together, and occasionally, accompanying voice. 1.3 Performance Context In the Singaporean context, the Malay Kompang is usually seen performed at weddings and celebratory ceremonies, or at traditional showcases. As the Kompang is usually performed in large, open spaces, it

Virginia Woolf free essay sample

An insight into the work of the writer Virgina Woolf and her psychiatric history. Much of Virginia Woolfs writing is semi-autobiographical and this paper examines her psychological state of mind in regard to her writing by analyzing her books, in particular To the Lighthouse. Every secret of a writers soul, Virginia Woolf said, every experience of their life every quality of their mind is written largely in their works. This is a deliberate extravagance but, in her case, nothing is so true as her fiction to her most cherished experiences. I wonder, she asked herself, whether I really deal in autobiography yet call it fiction As a writer, Virginia Woolf, took hold of the past, of ghostly voices speaking with increasing clarity. When the voices of the dead those of her mother, father and siblings urged to impossible things they drove her mad, but controlled, they became the material of a fiction novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Virginia Woolf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Virginias persistent memories of her parents helped shape her writing. Many have agreed that Ms. Woolfs literary work is a result of her childhood memories and of her intense sense of her past ties The experience of losing so many loved ones at a young age, along with the psychological traits lending themselves to madness that Virginia Woolf had inherited from both sides of her family is clearly portrayed in her writing (Ingram, 5). During times of mental clarity, Virginia writes and writes plentifully. However, during the times of breakdowns, and mental despair, Virginias writing becomes sparse.

Voices from Vietnam Essay Example For Students

Voices from Vietnam Essay This readers rating for this book is average. It is a very well written book but it may not appeal to some people. If the reader was familiar with the war then this would be a wonderful book to read. This reader thought it was interesting but not as enthralling as it should be. The book was mainly made out of quotes or dialogue from the men in the war. This was a very different way of writing but it was interesting. Many of the veterans had interesting stories to tell and how it felt like to be in the war. Overall it was a book to consider if youre into war stories. We will write a custom essay on Voices from Vietnam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The things this reader likes about this book is that it was interesting in the fact that it had real stories from real veterans in the war. Some of the stories were explained in gruesome detail in which this reader thought was very disturbing. It is disgusting to know what happened to some of the Vietnamese and veterans during that war. What this reader also liked was how they explained the war while showing the opinions of some of the veterans. The least thing this reader liked about this book was that it didnt keep you on the edge. Even though this was a war story it didnt captivate me as much as I would have wanted it to. It became boring at parts when they explained how the war started and how the Chinese were trying to take control of Vietnam. What the author should have done was explain the war with minimum detail and have many comments from the people who were actually involved in it. In this readers opinion this book should be good for older people. Older people would underst and the meaning of the war better and how it started. Also older people would probably find it interesting and actually want to read into it. Since older people have most likely lived during the Vietnam War they would appreciate this book much more than a teenager would. Voices from Vietnam is not even close to simple. With the exception of the dialogue the words used in the book were a little advanced for a teenager. This reader didnt enjoy much of the book because of this reason. The book is also quite long since it explains the war and contains comments from the veterans. It may be to long for some people since not many teenagers have long attention spans. This reader thinks that this book may or may not be appropriate for ages fifteen to eighteen. Again if the teenager is familiar with the war then he or she may enjoy it very much while others will not find it interesting. Yes Voices from Vietnam would make an excellent movie. The drama that went on in the war and the horror of what happened would make it a great movie to see. It would be much like the movie Pearl Harbor because it would have a reenactment of the war but would modernize it. The only thing that wouldnt be added from the book would be the comments. If the comments were added then it would just a History Channel special on a big screen. It may or may not be a hit though since the Vietnam War didnt prove to be a very good war. Many people would probably refuse to see the same war again. A brief explanation of the book would be that the majority of it takes place on the battlefield in Vietnam. The plot is very self-explanatory in which the US is trying to stop Vietnam from becoming a communist country. It was under Chinas rule for centuries until the French seized control and made it one of their colonies. They wanted to use the raw materials and exploit the local population. By the end of World War II the Vietnamese revolt grew stronger. A Vietnamese communist named Ho Chi Minh led this revolt. The French called it the dirty war and didnt take then seriously. It wasnt until the French were defeated at a battle near the village of Dienbienphu that the Americans decided to take Frances place. The Navy, Army, and Airforce were all involved in this very depressing war. Some of the presidents that were in office at the time were Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. There is no need for spoiling the plot since everyone knows what the outcome was. Over three hundred t housand men and women were injured in the war. Fifty eight thousand of them died there also. The author uses no special form of writing with the exception of the comments that were added into the explanation of the war. That is the only special type of writing that this reader could find. .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 , .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .postImageUrl , .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 , .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839:hover , .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839:visited , .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839:active { border:0!important; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839:active , .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839 .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uabe7ac9fe5ab5c15131582014c1e5839:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Effects of HIV Mutations on the Immune System Essay In this readers opinion reading another book by this author wouldnt be a good idea. Voices from Vietnam wasnt the type of book I thought it was. It was boring most of the time but the only interesting thing was the comments. If the author made the book more interesting to read I may have considered reading another one of his books. This book doesnt remind me what of any others that I have read. I dont really enjoy reading books because I dont have much patience for boring books. Not that this book was boring its just because Im not really much of a war book reader. As I explained before this book may be great for othe rs but in this readers opinion it was an average book. Words/ Pages : 997 / 24

High Protein Diet and Human Health Essays - Diets, Nutrition

High Protein Diet and Human Health Essays - Diets, Nutrition High Protein Diet and Human Health February 8 2016 MYP Year 4 B By Naim Al-Haj Ali Many people try to lose weight using different diets and ways, maybe by using some kind of medicines or herbs, other people try to go to the gym more to burn more fat. Some people choose high protein diets, and others choose low protein diets. But what is the difference? And how do they work? At first, to understand how the diets work, we need to understand the difference between proteins and carbohydrates. The two are macro molecules or biological molecules, but carbohydrates are a short-term energy storage, where they do not store a lot of energy and are consumed first by the body. On the other hand proteins are also important for the body as they are a vital element for enzymes and the immune system, also no cells in the body can live or reproduce without proteins. When the carbohydrates are consumed for energy, lipids that are also a macro molecule come in place, as they are also called fats, which is used as a long-term energy storage that has more calories per gram when compared with carbohydrates. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention recommends that the average consumption of proteins for women must be in the range of 46 grams every day, and for men about 56 grams every day. Also the CDS recommends that 10% to 35% of the calories consumed by the human body must come from protein sources. High protein diets are diets in which you eliminate the carbohydrates from your diet and consume large amounts of proteins, like meats and some high protein plants. Usually, foods with high amounts of proteins also have some amounts of lipids or fats. These diets goal is to

5 Independent Presidents Who Won in U.S. History

5 Independent Presidents Who Won in U.S. History Donald Trump has said he might run for president in 2016 as an independent if he doesnt get the respect or the nomination from Republicans. And if you think launching an independent presidential campaign is a fools errand - the chances of winning are infinitesimal - consider the impact Ralph Nader, Ross Perot and others like them have had on the electoral process.   What Is an Independent Candidate? The primary role of the independent candidate in modern politics is that of spoiler. And while spoiler is an unpopular role to play he is often able to leverage his position to curry favor for himself and friends. Trumps currency of choice seems to be attention, and as long as hes getting some its very likely the billionaire real estate developer might just blow enough of his own money to hang around through the 2016 general election. The question Republicans are asking is whether Trump would siphon off enough votes from the Republican presidential nominee so as to hand the presidency to the Democrats. Many conservatives had openly raised the theory that Donald Trump ran as an agent of the Democratic Party, and in particular the Clintons, so as to hand the White House to Hillary. So which independent presidential candidates have done the best? And how many votes did they pick up? Heres a look at the most successful independent presidential candidates in history and how they affected the results. Ross Perot The billionaire Texan Ross Perot won a startling 19 percent of the popular vote in the 1992 presidential election in what many believed was the beginning of a third party in American politics. Democrat Bill Clinton won the election and unseated Republican incumbent President George H.W. Bush, a rare defeat in American politics. Perot also won 6 percent of the popular vote in the 2006 election. Ralph Nader The consumer and environmental advocate Ralph Nader won nearly 3 percent of the popular vote in the close 2000 presidential election. Many observers, primarily Democrats, blame Nader for costing Vice President Al Gore the election against Republican nominee George W. Bush.   John B. Anderson Andersons name is one few Americans remember. But he won nearly 7 percent of the popular vote in the 1980 presidential election won by Republican Ronald Reagan, who pushed Democrat Jimmy Carter out of the White House after one term. Many people blamed Anderson for Carters loss. George Wallace In 1968 Wallace won 14 percent of the popular vote. Republican Richard Nixon defeated Democrat Hubert Humphrey in that election, but Wallaces showing was impressive for an American Independent.   Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt won more than 27 percent of the vote in 1912 when he ran as a progressive candidate. He didnt win. But carrying a quarter of the vote is impressive, especially when you consider the Republican nominee, William Howard Taft, carried only 23 percent. Democrat Woodrow Wilson won with 42 percent of the vote.

Northern Irelands Unionist Paramilitaries Essay

Northern Irelands Unionist Paramilitaries - Essay Example There are many books and other material that have discussed these topics at length and with great competence. The unionist point of view has been and still is the preservation of the status quo, that is, Northern Ireland within the political framework of the United Kingdom. The status quo not only preserves their built-in advantage as the majority in Northern Ireland, it also protects them from becoming the minority in a united Ireland. The status quo, they believe, is their only guarantee that they can keep exercising their right to their own identity, traditions, religion and culture. Loyalists are all these and more. Where nationalist paramilitaries are willing to use force to change the status quo, loyalist paramilitaries are willing to use force to preserve the status quo. This is their objective and rationale in the use of both force and the threat of force. Loyalist paramilitaries (such as the UDA, UVF and LVF) who usually choose civilian targets, use terror against the Catholic community to prevent it from attempting to change the status quo. ... Their choice is also influenced by the ease with which they can access their targets, and by their own extreme sectarianism. Nationalist paramilitaries on the other hand tend to pick their targets from the ranks of the police and military, in keeping with their stance against the state and for protection of the people against state abuse. 2 Paramilitary groups, both loyalist and republican seemed quite successful in launching their military operations, if we are to judge by the number of dead and injured. Almost 3,600 died in Northern Ireland from 1969 to December 1997, and out of that number 87% were victims of paramilitary groups. If the same proportion were to be applied to a country like Britain, it would have around 170,000 casualties or half a million in a country like the US.3 Loyal and Armed 3 "Between 1968 and 1998, loyalist paramilitaries killed an estimated 864 civilians (most of them Catholic), compared with an estimated 728 civilians (most of them Protestant) killed by the IRA. Experts say loyalist groups have often acted out of religious hatred, while the IRA has more often targeted British security officers- killing more than 1,000 of them-in an effort to further its political goal of ejecting the British from Northern Ireland." 4 But did these acts of violence and terror help unionist paramilitaries in achieving their objective of maintaining a Northern Ireland status quo The Anglo-Irish Agreement The Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed by Northern Ireland's House of Representatives and Senate in 1999. It provides for the implementation of human rights laws in Northern Ireland, including recognition of equal status and rights for all minorities,

Statement of Goals, Research Interests, and Experiences Personal

Of Goals, Research Interests, and Experiences - Personal Statement Example In the current environment of advancing technology, GIS plays an important role in the development of nations, which is especially true for the UAE, where expertise in this area is the need of the hour. Pursuing a master’s degree in GIS would equip me with the necessary knowledge and skills to help develop various aspects of the UAE, like building infrastructure, developing crime analysis database to reduce crime etc. Bringing this essential knowledge back to my country would enable us to advance and improve our current security systems and the quality of life for citizens in UAE. UMD University is renowned for its value based academic programs that offer opportunities of personal and professional growth. The myriad modules of course curricula are essential ingredients that provide students with a strong learning experience. Moreover, the learning platform offered by the university caters to the needs and requirements of diverse populace thus facilitating greater understanding of cross-cultural values and preparing students to meet the challenges of time. As a foreign student from Abu Dhabi, UAE, the invigorating environment and the academic program of the university not only meet my expectations but also represent my ideals. Participating in the UMD GIS Master program would help me realize my dream of improving the GIS Field in my country. I therefore strongly believe that the state of the art technology and innovative curricula of the UMD university program would help me meet the changing demands of the times, and allow me to make important contributions to my community. It would equip me with excellent academic qualifications and skills that could be judiciously exploited for the advancement of my country. My interest in studying GIS sparked when I was growing up in Abu Dhabi where I used to admire those who supervised construction sites near my home place. It intrigued me how they could go to places that were bare,

Types of Essay Writing Essay Example for Free

Types of Essay Writing Essay Essays are major part of academic education. In US almost all college and university admission can be done by writing essay. The admission officers with better insight about your essay and how you differ from the other applicants essays. In crucial stages the essays are used to make a decision whether an applicant will be selected. In academic education students regularly have essay writing activities based on their course content. The initial steps are usually deciding what topic to discuss. The next choice that essay writers tackle is what type of essay to write. There are various types of essays such as critical essays, reflective essay, admission essays, narrative essays analytical essays and many others. In addition there is variety of essay types, most of them are related to academic coursework written to study an exact topic and reflect the outlook of the writer. However, the students should focus on specific topic and what types of essays will be wrote. Admission essay The main point of an admission essay is conducted by admission board that you are worth entering the college. Nowadays almost all college and university admission can be done by using admission essay. You should write your best and demonstrate your superior writing skills. The admission essays are the best chance to show your commitment to a career in business by demonstrating those experiences, people, and events that influenced your decision to enter the field. Argumentative essay In Argumentative essay writing we try to convincing others to agree with our facts, share our values. When writing argumentative essay you should state or position regarding of a subject for the main point of opinion. While writing you can add statistics report, well expert view and well support advice about a state or debate. The well argumentative essay should be clear, exact, and highly focused. Cause effect essay In Cause effect essay writing you have to talking about a troubled with why things occur (causes) and what happens as a consequence (effects). The cause and effect essay is the best technique of organizing and talking about ideas. At university and college cause and effects essays are most general papers in a composition course. Classification essay Classification essay writing is not only writing about other essay types, but also the ability to organize the ideas and things into sort. Most of students are well experts in writing classification essays. Since years the students studying in the field that have need of them to sort out ideas. Hence, the students can be written his classification essay without difficulty. Critical essay When critical essay writings you have to state agree with the fully subject. The word critical is telling about the attitude when you have read editorial or part of the book. The critical essays start with a psychoanalysis or explanation of the article or part of a book. Definition essay The definition essay writing you can talk an understanding about certain idea or things. Such things as bird, water are very exact and well concentrate. The way of writing your definition essays you have to give your readers with a new way of looking at things your way. Five paragraph essay The five paragraph essay is the classic format of composition. Its only the format of writing essays; its the types of essays which help for college and university students to develop your composition skills. The name represents like this essays should have five paragraphs. The introduction should include with thesis statement and following paragraphs must be talking about the core your essay topic or subject. The conclusion should be concluding the topics or idea of your topic given.

The Spiritual Decline of Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- GCSE English L

The Spiritual Decline of Macbeth The play, Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, has been analyzed to such an extent that many assume it is impossible to say anything new about the play.   Yet, a close reading of Macbeth can still yield tremendous insights.   One interesting point worth noting is Macbeth's inability to answer "Amen" to a solemn prayer to God. Shakespeare's post-medieval world strictly adhered to the binary opposition between good and evil, or in other words, between Christ and Satan. The common belief was that satanic forces could not pay homage to Christ. Thus, Macbeth's inability to answer "Amen" reflects his spiritual decline, sinking to the ranks of the witches and Lady Macbeth.    Macbeth was written for Shakespeare’s new patron, James I (James VI of Scotland), following the death of Queen Elizabeth. James, a relative of the real Banquo, was interested in witchcraft and Scotland, hence the themes and setting of the play.   The play itself tells the story of a man, urged by his wife and foretold by prophecy, who commits regicide in order to gain power.         Lady Macbeth is the wife of Macbeth and the person who has the greatest influence over him. A childless woman, from the start of the play she turns feverish at the prospect of becoming queen and declares that she would kill her own child--"dash his brains out"--if it would help her achieve her goal (I.vii.55). This connection between childlessness and power has led critics, prominently AC Knight in his famous essay, â€Å"How Many Children Had Lady Macbeth?† to remark that this is part of the play's greater symbolism, where evil is infertile and good is fertile.   (Citation?   Since you just paraphrased one of Kn... ...m he must take the daggers back, put them with the grooms, and smear the grooms with blood, so it will look like the grooms killed the King.   Macbeth is unable to return to the scene of the crime to do that so Lady Macbeth takes the daggers from him and tells him that it's childish to be afraid of the sleeping or the dead. And she's not afraid of blood, either. She says, "If he [King Duncan] do bleed, / I'll gild the faces of the grooms withal / For it must seem their guilt" (2.2.52-54) The conscience is a fickle thing.   If it is suffering, its owner suffers.   As Macbeth’s spirituality declined, he was unable to acknowledge a simple prayer with a simple response, â€Å"Amen†. His wife apparently was unable to take comfort from prayer.   For both, this lack of communion with goodness ultimately led to their deaths.  

Essay on Film Genre

A true film genre relies on shared iconography, formalistic themes and similar narrative structures and content. ‘What genre does is recognize that the audience any one film within a context of other films, both those they have personally seen and those they have heard about or seen represented in other media outlets. †¦In general, the function of genre is to make films comprehensible and more or less familiar. (turner 97)’.Action/adventure, the Western, Gangster/Crime, Detective/Film Noir, Comedy, Science fiction/Fantasy, Horror/Monster, Suspense Thriller/Spy/Heist and many others groups are usually used for marketing in stores where films are being sold. The majority of viewers, film critics, and film producers talk about films in relation to the categories. These categories are generally called genres. ‘The word â€Å"genre† is originally French, and it simply means â€Å"kind† or â€Å"type†. It’s related to another word,  "genus†, which is used in the biological sciences to classify groups of plant and animals. A true film genre is a product of interaction between audience and the text. Therefore, all producers and audiences must have a quite good understanding and what is more important shared knowledge of genre’s characteristics. ’ For instance,’ westerns, at least the traditional ones, tend to share the same basic conflict and usually the same type of setting. All detective films share the same basic story: the uncovering of causes. Musicals share nothing more than frequent prominent interludes of music and perhaps dancing during a story. This shared knowledge, however, is not set in stone. Different people will have divergent understandings of genre. ’ According to this statement, audiences expand general ideas about any kind of genre based on going to the cinema, media coverage or advertisements and marketing. As a result of consequence, viewers have their own a nticipations about a particular genre and define films according to their expectations. ‘Genres are based on a tacit agreement among filmmakers, reviewers and audiences. What gives the films some common identity are shared genre conventions. Shared conventions are shared thematic, stylistic and narrative structures. Although not every single film demonstrate all of the conventions, at least some of them are shown in a film. This helps the film critics to define whether this film fall into a particular group of films – genre. Moreover, critical analysis of any film can take place only if conventions are considered. These conventions are also called â€Å"repertoire of elements†. In this document shared genre conventions in terms of horror will be discussed.The horror genre has become much more popular nowadays than ever before. ‘If its beginnings were rooted in literature – Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† (1818) and Bram Stokerâ€℠¢s â€Å"Dracula† (1897) are the titles that seem to spring to everyone’s mind – we also know that stories have always been told about ghosts, monsters, witches and the dark. ’ There are a lot of reasons why this genre is so popular today. However, it is still really difficult to clarify why it is so engaging for a great number of people regardless of its unreality. The genre of ‘Horror’ has been around since the late 1800’s giving it decades to develop and change. ’ ‘From the 1930s to the 1970s, most horror films were considered very much the poor brethren of the film world. ’ The reason was that horror films were made on a low budget. Furthermore, the target audience was young people who went to the cinemas late nights to have fun and scream their way. The great example was ‘the film â€Å"Matinee† (directed by Joe Dante, 1993)’ which demonstrates that horror films were watched mostly by young people at that time.However, there were such films like â€Å"Psycho† (1960) and â€Å"The Birds† (1963) by Alfred Hitchcock which managed to change perspective of horror films in a better way. Since audiences appreciate thrill and excitement they experience during watching horror movies they expect new stories and plots. Consequently, film producers had to come up with new ideas and more challenging plots to meet the audience’s expectations and wishes. One of the genre conventions is iconography, which ‘derives from art history, where it only referred to visual signs. The context in which an object or sound is used is crucial in defining its meaning.For example, a crucifix is readily associated with the church as a symbol of Christ`s resurrection, and is not simply an example of horror iconography. ’ In terms of a horror film a symbol of Christ would represent not only the Christ but the weapon against the evil. Another example could be a knife whi ch is used to kill somebody rather than in comedy it is used for cutting things. In order to identify that the genre of a film is horror, such visual signs like red and black colors, blue filters in films are used. The use of blue filter is called digital color correction.It was hard and expensive to achieve this correction previously. However, since computer technologies have developed a lot, much more powerful and exciting effects can be achieved by simply editing a film sequence in different computer software nowadays. Moreover, the mise- enscene of horror films also show that this film is horror film with the help of using such things like knives, guns, axes and many others. Another use of iconography is the setting. In horror films the setting is usually abandoned, isolated from people, the houses generally hide scaring past.The majority of scenes are filmed in night time but the plot can be developed during daytime as well. There are some sub-genres of horror films. Therefore, the iconography can slightly vary. For instance, paranormal horror includes such symbols like unusual things happening or really dark scenes. â€Å"Slasher† horror shows masks, screaming victims. Another thing to consider is camera work in horror films. Generally, different and weird angles of camera are used. In order to frighten and express fear for the viewers extreme close ups and point of view shots take place during film.There are many other types of iconography like the use of tense sounds and music which are generally linked with a horror genre. Therefore, aural signs should be also discussed when talking about iconography of films. ‘â€Å"One should not tell stories as straight-line narratives. There are so many other possibilities, and film would only enrich them. † Peter Greenaway’. While researching horror films, another very important genre convention is narrative structure. ‘Narrative piece events together in a linear fashion that clea rly shows the audience the reasons for, and the consequences of character behavior.The logic of cause and effect ties together character traits, goals, obstacles, and actions. ’ . The main intention of narrative structure is to tell the story. Sometimes it is conceptual, sometimes real. For instance, the purpose of film can involve saving the world or finding a love. ‘Russian narrative theorist Tzvetlan Todorov argued that all narratives involve the disruption of a stable situation, which makes restoration of equilibrium an important goal. ’ First of all, with the help of disruption people can identify the genre of a film easily. For instance, f there is a drugs baron killing someone and trying to escape, perhaps the genre is gangster or thriller; some kind of dilemma in a family can be set in a film which genre is likely to be melodrama. Basically, the equilibrium Todorov was talking about is that generally characters come to this point of equilibrium only in th e end of film after some kind of disruption: be it reconsidering goals or dealing with challenges. The great examples of films showing equilibrium are â€Å"slasher† films. Another part of narrative structure focuses on character types. There are different types of them which are strongly associated with the genre.For example, the most expected character of horror films is monster. This character is extremely important in horror genre as to realize fear and revulsion. Since there are different types of horror films, monsters also vary. Sometimes, they represent ghosts which lead and frighten other characters. In some films, monsters are creatures that are half human half animal being. However, monster does not necessarily have to appear as a monster because it simply means phenomena or â€Å"bad thing† which is scaring. Almost every horror film has a Madonna as well. She is generally an attractive woman who is suffering because of a monster.Madonna represents an ideal woman while a whore is completely opposite character that represents the worst things of women. ‘A standard narrative convention of horror film is that the exposition portrays a character or small group of characters venturing into a strange and ultimately threatening setting. Jonathan Harker (Alexander Granach) goes into the Carpathian Mountains to make a business deal with the mysterios Count Orlock in â€Å"Nosferatu†. ’ Genres are usually associated with particular themes. For instance,’ the wilderness versus civilization opposition in Westerns, and the human: non- human opposition in SF’.In the beginning horror films were based on literature. â€Å"Dracula† was one of them. Since horror genre was developing during the time, new ideas such as aliens started to appear. During the 80’s the most popular idea in horror genre was â€Å"slashers† which was mentioned before in this document. The 80’s became some kind of new era for the horror genre as they started working closely on special effects to provide audience with more fear. †The thing† (1982) and â€Å"The thing† (2011) is an example that shows how special effects have changed since 1982. The first version is full of makeup effects and costumes.There is a big difference compared to the latest version in terms of using computer generated imagery for gaining special effects and digital animation. With this progression which influenced the viewers in terms of watching horror films the popularity of horror films increased a lot. ’ During the early 20th  century psychological thrillers were introduced into the horror genre and changed the genre completely, sparking new ideas, which have grown and developed into the main theme and idea we have today. ’ Therefore, horror films expand themes about religion or unnatural things nowadays.One of the examples of today’s horror films based on these themes is  "Paranormal activity†. ‘It seems likely that a genre never dies. It may pass out of fashion for a time, only to return in updated garb. A genre may change by mixing its conventions with those of another genre. ’ Therefore, sometimes it is difficult to identify what is the genre of a particular film. Film producers are forced to take such actions like mixing some genres in order to create a new so called â€Å"hybrid† genre. The reason for this is to renew a genre by adding some conventions from another genre so that to surprise the audience and to keep them interested. The horror story [†¦] is part of a long process by which people have tried to come to terms with and find adequate descriptions and symbols for deeply rooted, primitive and powerful forces, energies and fears which are related to death, afterlife, punishment, darkness, evil, violence and destruction. † – J. A. Cuddon. According to Cuddon words, the horror film is only a part of a process. However, I do not think so because if something is a process then it has to end at some point and horror genre will never die. I think that is because the majority of people are curious about the things that are scaring or forbidden.Curiosity has to be sated somehow and horror films help to sort it out. While watching horror films or reading horror books our mind experience feeling of being scared. Stephen King told once â€Å"We have to keep the ‘gators fed†. He meant that people would find another more dangerous way to sate their curiosity if horror genre would not exist. Consequently, this kind of genre will not die. Taking into account all above mentioned, I can come to the conclusion that every genre shares its own iconography, similar narrative structures and themes.The main reason for that is to make every genre identifying and understandable. Audience chooses films to watch normally for entertainment so genre could be vital factor in this as it he lps in choosing and understanding films. Bibliography Pramaggiore, Maria, and Wallis, Tom. Film: A Critical Introduction. Laurence King Publishing, 2005. Bordwell, David and Thompson, Kristin, Film Art: An Introduction. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010. Lacey, Nick, Introduction to Film. London: Palgrave, 2005. Dougherty, Rachel. â€Å"Genre & Narrative in Horror Film†¦Ã¢â‚¬  27 September 2012. 3 March 2013. http://racheldoughertyfilm. blogspot. co. uk/2012/09/genre-narrative-in-horror-film. html. Nelmes, Jill, An Introduction to Film Studies. Routledge, 2003. Rayner, Philip, Wall, Peter, and Kruger, Stephen. â€Å"AS Media Studies: The Essential Introduction†. Routledge, 2001. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. Wallis, T. , Pramaggiore, M. , (2005), Film: A Critical Introduction, p. 310 [ 3 ]. Bordwell, D. , Thompson, K. (2010), Film Art An Introduction, p. 328 [ 4 ]. Wallis, T. , Pramaggiore, M. , (2005), Film: A Critical Introduction, p. 310 [ 5 ].Lacey, N. (2005), Introduction To Film, p. 46 [ 6 ]. Bordwell, D. , Thompson, K. (2010), Film Art An Introduction, p. 330 [ 7 ]. Rayner, P, Wall, P. , Kruger, S. (2001), AS Media Studies: The Essential Introduction, p. 292 [ 8 ]. http://racheldoughertyfilm. blogspot. co. uk/2012/09/genre-narrative-in-horror-f ilm. html [ 9 ]. Rayner, P, Wall, P. , Kruger, S. (2001), AS Media Studies: The Essential Introduction, p. 296 [ 10 ]. Rayner, P, Wall, P. , Kruger, S. (2001), AS Media Studies: The Essential Introduction, p. 296 [ 11 ]. Lacey, N. (2005), Introduction To Film, p. 8 [ 12 ]. Wallis, T. , Pramaggiore, M. , (2005), Film: A Critical Introduction, p. 32 [ 13 ]. Wallis, T. , Pramaggiore, M. , (2005), Film: A Critical Introduction, p. 33 [ 14 ]. Wallis, T. , Pramaggiore, M. , (2005), Film: A Critical Introduction, p. 33 [ 15 ]. Wallis, T. , Pramaggiore, M. , (2005), Film: A Critical Introduction, p. 357 [ 16 ]. Lacey , N. (2005), Introduction To Film,, page 53 [ 17 ]. http://racheldoughertyfilm. blogspot. co. uk/2012/09/genre-narrative-in-horror-film. html [ 18 ]. Bordwell, D. , Thompson, K. (2010), Film Art An Introduction, page 335

Jewish Passover

JEWISH PASSOVER FESTIVAL MOOD: The mood of this festival is happy as it is a celebration of freedom. TIME AND DURATION: Passover begins on the 14th or 15th day (depending on where you are from) of the month of Nisan and ends on the 22nd day of the month of Nisan. It is celebrated for seven days in Israel and eight days outside of Israel. The reason for the difference has to do with the way the ancient calendar worked.HOW DOES THE RITUAL REFLECT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JEWISH PEOPLE AND GOD? The ritual reflects the relationship between Jewish people and God through the purpose of the festival. The aim of Passover for Jews is to create a connection between one’s self and God by fulfilling the biblical commandment from God to the Hebrews of commemorating and celebrating ‘Chag Ha-Matzot’ (the festival of Unleavened Bread).WHAT PRACTICAL/ETHICAL ACTION COULD COME OUT OF CELEBRATING THIS FESTIVAL? By recounting the events of the first Passover during Seder before dinne r, Jewish people feel as if they had been personally involved in those events, therefore making them feel more aware of the events and they gain more empathy toward those still living under oppression and consequently work towards gaining their political and physical freedom as well.As well as this, another ethical action that comes out of the celebration is that many Jewish people invite all of their friends and family around for Seder and in particular the dinner. EXTRA FACTS: *The Passover festival is the oldest festival/holiday in Judaism *Passover's name comes from the last of the Ten Plagues visited on the Egyptians by Yahweh before the Exodus *This festival has had an influence on some other religions, for example Christianity.The Christian feast of Maundy Thursday finds its roots in the Jewish feast of Passover, the night on which the Last Supper is generally thought to have occurred *This year Passover begins on March 25th and ends on April 1st BIBLIOGRAPHY: URL: http://jud aism. about. com/od/holidays/a/Jewish-Holiday-Passover-Pesach. htm DATE VISITED: 9-3-2013 URL: http://www. religionfacts. com/judaism/holidays/pesach. htm DATE VISITED: 9-3-2013

Tracer Pain and Staff Member Essay

Tracer Pain and Staff Member Essay Tracer: Pain and Staff Member Essay Surgical Patient Surgical Patient Tracer Worksheet Nightingale Community Hospital – in Year 2 of Audit Cycle MR#__453355______________________ Admission/Service Start Date:___________ Language/Culture:_English_____________ Tracer Surveyor(s): Sequence of Care/Services 1._Surgical Date Admitting/Presenting Dx/Condition: Nursing Unit__________ 2. _Radiology_______________________ 3. _OR_____________________________ 4. _PACU__________________________ Admitted with post-op wound infection Went to surgery for drainage Long term antibiotics Supportive spouse Plan home health at discharge Current Location _Surgical Nsg Unit ___ Questions / Actions Ask the staff member to give you a report on the patient like he/she may give to an oncoming shift. Notes/Deficiencies Identified Tracer Tips Does the staff member know the course of care? Show me the patient’s admission assessment (or initial nursing assessment). When is the assessment done? By whom? Can an LPN do an admission assessment? History and physical not done within 24 hours of admission ( 72 hours) Review admission history Ask nurse about any gaps or blank areas Should be completed by end of shift when pt admitted Ask about med reconciliation process How is care plan generated? Describe the medication reconciliation process. Primary nurse able to verbalize med reconciliation process. Review of chart had evidence of med reconciliation on admission and after surgery Where is your functional assessment? OR What precipitates PT, OT, or SLP referral? Function assessment triggered based on admission assessment but no documentation found Nutritional assessment documented Home med list is obtained and verified at time of admission Med recon done when patient transfers location (OR to floor, floor to floor, ICU to floor, etc) Med Recon is done at discharge- any discrepancies and nurse can hold up discharge Have staff show f/u if a referral was triggered. Where is your nutritional assessment? Have staff show dietitian’s f/u if a referral was triggered. What would precipitate a social work referral? Nurse verbalized indications for social work referral Have staff show social worker’s f/u if a referral was triggered Does this patient have advance directives? Where is it documented? Is a copy of the document in the medical record? Nurse said patient has an advance directive but did not bring it with her. Family was reminded a copy was needed but failed to bring in. If patient does not have Advance Directive, was information provided? What are the patient’s allergies? No allergies Note allergies on all documents where they are documented (ie, H&P, ED, MAR) and whether all sources agree. Does this patient have any cultural/ spiritual needs? Priority Focus Areas (PFA) Addressed: ïÆ' ¾ Assessment & Care/Services ïÆ' ¾Communication Credentialed/Privileged Practitioners Equipment Use ïÆ' ¾ Infection Control Information Mgmt ïÆ' ¾ Medication Mgmt Organization Structure Orientation & Training ïÆ' ¾ Rights & Ethics Physical Environment ïÆ' ¾ Quality Improvement ïÆ' ¾ Patient Safety Staffing Coach staff to avoid responses with â€Å"usually†, â€Å"sometimes,† and other descriptions that could indicate that the practice is not consistent. Questions / Actions Is this patient at risk for skin breakdown problems? Where is it documented? What breakdown prevention measures are taken? Notes/Deficiencies Identified Is this patient at risk for falls? Where is it documented? How is the risk for falls communicated shift to shift? Dept to dept? What precautions have been implemented for this patient? Yes. Documented in the nursing admission assessment. Fall risk is included in handoff form. Precautions: slip proof socks, night light Does this patient have a plan of care? How are care plans updated or changed? How do all disciplines come together for a plan of care? Initial nursing plan of care documented but not updated since surgery. Interdisciplinary Rounds (IDR) or Caring Rounds Are IDR documented? Are

Examples of Supply in Economics

Examples of Supply in Economics Supply is defined as the total amount of a given product or service that is available for purchase at a set price. This core component of economics may seem vague, but you can find examples of supply in everyday life. Definition The law of supply states  that  assuming all else is held constant, the quantity supplied for a good rise as the price rises. In other words, the quantity demanded and the  price  is positively related. The relationship between supply and demand can be illustrated like this: Supply Demand Price Constant Rises Rises Constant Falls Falls Increases Constant Falls Decreases Constant Increases Economists   say supply is determined by several factors, including: Price Buyers want to pay as little as possible for a good or service, while producers want to maximize profit by charging as much as possible. When supply and demand are balanced, price tends to be stable Cost The less it costs to manufacture a good, the greater a producers profit margin when that good is marketed at a specific price point. As the cost of production decreases, the more product a manufacturer can produce. Competition Manufacturers may be compelled to lower the price of their goods in order to match the price of similar products offered by a competitor, thus lowering profits. Likewise, producers will seek the lowest price on raw materials, which can, in turn, affect suppliers. Supply and demand do fluctuate over time, and both producers and consumers can take advantage of this. For example, consider season  demand on clothing. In the summertime, the demand for swimsuits is very high. Producers, anticipating this, will ramp up production in the winter in order to meet demand as it increases from spring into summer. But if consumer demand is too high, the price on swimwear will rise because it will be in short supply. Likewise, in the fall retailers will begin clearing out excess inventory of swimsuits to make room for cold-weather clothing. Consumers will find prices reduced and save money, but their choices will be limited. Elements of Supply There are additional factors that economists say can affect supply and inventory. Specific quantity is the amount of a product that a retailer wants to sell at a given price is known as the quantity supplied. Typically a time period is also given when  describing quantity  supplied For example: When the price of an orange is 65 cents the quantity supplied is 300 oranges a week.If the price of copper falls from $1.75/lb to $1.65/lb, the quantity supplied by a mining company will fall from 45 tons a day to 42 tons a day. A supply schedule is a table which lists the possible prices for a good and service and the associated quantity supplied. The supply schedule for oranges could look (in part) as follows: 75 cents - 470 oranges a week70 cents - 400 oranges a week65 cents - 320 oranges a week60 cents - 200 oranges a week A supply curve is simply a supply schedule presented in graphical form. The standard presentation of a supply curve has price given on the Y-axis and quantity supplied on the X-axis. Price elasticity of supply represents how sensitive quantity supplied is to changes in price. Sources Investopedia staff. Law of Supply. Investopedia.com.McIntyre, Shawn. Economics for Beginners. Owlcation.com, 30 June 2016.

Case Study eassy on Weight Watcher INC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Study eassy on Weight Watcher INC - Essay Example The main competitors of Weight Watcher are Nutrisystem, Jenny Craig and eDiets. According to the report the weight management industry came to light in the late 1990s., from 2006 onwards there is a promising upwards trend in the world diet control market. Generally there are two distinct kinds of strategies associated with the diet control industry, one is the strategy for long term growth of the organization and the second one is retention of the customer base to maintain their involvement . During the span of last 20 years, there is a continuous trend of the growth in the population. With the growing trend of population obesity as well as overweight also increased during this time span. The importance of the physical exercise , awareness of health benefit , loosing weight all these parameters now have a huge demand in the world population. So along with the time, the weight management industry is also growing along with the time. But in the recent time, there are also some negative impact in the weight management industry. According to the report, the industry rose to $ 59.7 billion in the year 2009 which was only about 2% growth YOY. But it was failing to close in with historical 6% growth rate. (Taber et.al, 2010, p. 8). There are also different challenges associated with the growth of weight watchers. Being one of the leading organizations in the market it is now facing a tough competition from others, moreover it is also facing a challenge to develop a forward focus diet plan for the 21st century. According to this report, during the year 2011, Weight Watchers tried to represent themselves in the markets of USA and abroad. Their focus also shifted from women centric to cover all the gender across the society, launching new and innovated diet program to capture the market potential. General Factors and Industry Environments that Affect Weight Watcher’s Choice of Strategy The weight Watcher’s business strategy is based on different parameters like the any top organization. Being a top performing company in this sector their strategy was also very up to date and for a long span of time they remain the sole dominant force in this field. To decide on the strategy, they rely on following points. They believe in giving to the customer what they want not what they need, they have designed their strategy based on marketing the feelings of loosing weight not the product. Different factors like creating exclusive products for different age groups, different weight groups. At the very beginning the main focus of the organization was to target the women to reduce and maintain their weight as the obesity was one of the key disease in the country. To reach up to the maximum number of people, they have designed online course material as well as several live campaigns in different places to ensure that they can reach up to the every corner of the society for every class. General factors which are associated with their strategy are like giving their customer what they want in a scientific and standard way so that customer remains interested in their services. Their customer centric approach increased the customer base drastically. The general factors and the environment related to the strategy of the organization is governed by porter’s five force model. Hill and Jones (2010), in their analysis mentioned Porter’

Making references to at least two of the operas that we have studied, Essay

Making references to at least two of the operas that we have studied, write on the main features of opera as an art form - Essay Example The ma8in features of opera as an art form are historicism and social reflections, a strong impact on feelings and sensation and authentic nature. Opera is a form of art reflecting historical or social events, criticism and observation of the epoch. For instance, Prelude and Liebestod from "Tristan and Isolda" by wagner show that opera becomes a matter for critical attention in the light of this nostalgia for power it can give its listeners (especially this most famous listener), a nostalgia that works even now as a high-class aestheticist cult and longing for and pursuit of a pure experience. Opera is a phenomenon whose time has come, even if the form is practically speaking dead in terms of new writing and performance of the new. "But within a society which was a structural unity the knowledge of certain types of material could always be relied on, so that the author of a music-drama was always in the closest contact with his audience" (Wellesz and Kean 89). Prelude and Liebestod break up the order of the singing contest by praising sensuality and emotions. These forces, heard in the orchestra, are those of the prelude, whos e music momentarily reappears (Zuckermann 32). Similar to other forms of art, opera has a strong impact on feelings and sensation of the listeners. ... What is more, the emotional listener "fiercely resists all attempts to make him listen structurally -- more fiercely, perhaps, than the culture consumer who for culture's sake might put up even with that." ().In short, emotional listeners display a troubling anti-intellectualism and use music predominantly as an excuse for extramusical emoting. These are people who vigorously reject the romanticized excess of emotional listening. But rather than attempting to move beyond it, into the kind of critical awareness engendered by authentically modern music, they naively retreat to the music of periods which they believe (wrongly) to be safe havens from the forces of reification and the predominantly commodity character of music. Purity and simplicity are highly desirable attributes of music destined for paidela, lest its effects become diluted, mistaken, or confused. Instruments capable of panharmonic playing were therefore particularly troublesome. For instance, in Mozart's Overture from "Don Giovanni" the unique feature is extraordinary expression of desire and emotions in music. What emerges from Prelude and Liebestod from "Tristan and Isolda" is a "sense of Wagner as a way station, revolutionary in the sacralization of art and pursuit of synaesthesia, but still too confined to produce a completely 'pure' experience" (Zuckermann 37). It was not merely a matter of draining off specificity to achieve heightened mystery and a reformulation of the Subject, but also of problematizing the relationship between word and tone (Zuckermann 39). Following Wellesz and Kean (1950) 'the very complicated laws' that govern musical discourse; these lead to two independent spheres that, fused though they may appear to be,

Strategy for organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategy for organizations - Essay Example These retail stores can be called convenience stores, supermarkets, superstores etc. These retail outlets are often part of large multiple chains and they have their shops all over the country. In UK such stores are quite successful. People trust their brands and prefer them to other brands. Sainsbury's is a symbolic name in British retail market. There are various reasons that make it great, its strong brands, passion for food, its history of innovation and a trusted moral approach to business. All these things make it the household name of UK. J Sainsburys plc operates multiple types of businesses. Their operations range from Sainsbury's supermarkets, convenience stores, a home shopping service and Sainsbury's Bank. In this paper the external and internal environment, strengths and weaknesses of this great company will by analyzed by employing various models and techniques. Various models and techniques are used for analyzing the external environment of any organization. PESTEL model will be used here for analyzing external factor affecting the performance of the company. PESTEL is actually abbreviation of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factor analysis. By analyzing all these very important external factors that affect the performance of any organization a clear picture can be obtained for evolving correct and effective strategy. This analysis gives an outline of the different factors that the company has to take into consideration. For a comprehensive PESTEL analysis it is important to consider some minor sub factors that are dominant factors for a particular industry. These dominant factors for a company like Sainsbury's plc are market size, scope of competitive rivalry, market growth rate, number of rivals and their relative sizes, etc. Knowledge of these external factors is important because of the implications they have for the evolving effective strategy. Sainsbury's plc is one of the largest and trusted name in Britain. It has extensive chain of stores all over the country and according to recent reports the company gets more than 10% of market share. There are some other big names like Morrisons, Safeway and Asda. These are Britain's best-known companies and Sainsbury's has to compete with them in the expanding supermarket of Britain. The company was under pressure for last few years and even suffered the first loss in its 135-year history. Some of the main causes of weaker performances are given below. Political and Economic factors Globalization had great impact on its performance. Global companies like Wal-Mart entered the British Market and affected the sales of company. Sainsbury's offers over 30,000 products in its supermarkets; about 50% of them are their own brands. Because of poor economic policies it was difficult for them to maintain quality and price parity favorably. Oversees losses as in Egypt also affected their overall performance. Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors There was lack of appeal to customers in comparison to other competitors. The

An Overview Of Territoriality Sociology Essay

An Overview Of Territoriality Sociology Essay Creating territories and physical boundaries within buildings and public spaces, is termed as hierarchy of a defensible space. The conversion from private to public space is important and demands efficient management. Through the sub division of zones (private to public), the character of ones own territory is defined and thereby managed. Private space An area under total control of the occupant, and not physically connected to the public Semi private space An area under the control of the occupant, but visually and physically accessible by the public Semi public space An area accessible to the public, and under the control of a specific group of occupants. Public space An area for the public Territoriality therefore defines the hierarchy of the space, and develops the idea of having ones own territory. This discourages outsiders from entering into private zones and reduces the risk of anonymity. This can be achieved if the following design features are implemented in the planning process (Colquhoun, 2003, 41) All the spaces inside as well as outside the building should be under natural surveillance by the residents and under their influence. All the external spaces should be seen as public spaces and should be clearly demarcated from the internal spaces with the help of symbolic barriers like gates, fences, walls, levels, steps, gateways etc. If the housing density is high, separate staircase entrances should be designed per building block so that there should be no confusion in recognizing a stranger. External communal areas such as parks, green open spaces should be in the vicinity of the building and where ever possible should be entered from the private zone. Surveillance Positioning and locating the windows and doors such that it increases surveillance to the outside surrounding. Opportunity to commit crime is potentially reduced when the offender senses that he/she is under constant surveillance from the adjoining buildings. Surveillance helps to create a feeling of security by providing the residents with their own territory and defending it through the overlooking windows, doors and entrances to the outside surroundings. Windows should be positioned such that it suits the internal plan of the house as well as provides surveillance to the outside surrounding. Front entrances of the buildings should be designed from the main road, main streets and pedestrian areas so that the passerbys can notice anything strange which helps in reducing the risk of anonymity. The communal areas of the buildings such as staircases, elevators etc should be designed where they can be visually connected to the outside surrounding. The rooms which are used more frequently like the kitchen and living rooms should be designed with their windows facing the public domain while bedrooms and toilets should be designed facing the private domain. Image This idea explains the proper use of materials and architectural design which reduces the feeling of being stigmatised, which creates a sense of isolation increasing the vulnerability of crime risk. To avoid building forms and layouts which completely stand out from the rest of the neighbourhood, makes it vulnerable by increasing the footfall of strangers by attracting them. Keeping the high rise and high density blocks away from the low income houses, as a mix of both can lead to criminal activities Encouraging the use of robust and attractive finishes to the building surfaces, preventing them from being vandalised. Milieu The juxtapostioning of residential areas with other facilities which helps in improving security and provides means for natural surveillance. Housing facilities should be mixed with social and commercial facilities to improve natural surveillance through increased footfall. Parks, playgrounds and open spaces should be designed around residential areas thereby offering constant natural surveillance.

Don DeLillos White Noise :: Free Essay Writer

Don DeLillo's White Noise WHITE NOISE is probably Don DeLillo's most popular novel, largely because most readers see it as DeLillo's warmest and most human book. In this story, the ideas that seem to captivate DeLillo are fleshed out in real life in a way that none of his other books quite achieves. Of course, there are a few stubborn souls (like me) who still feel THE NAMES, or one of his other books is better. But I think everyone agrees, WHITE NOISE is a winner. It won DeLillo the National Book Award in 1985, and it also won a larger reading audience for a great American writer. DeLillo has said that Ernest Becker's THE DENIAL OF DEATH was a book that influenced him at the time he wrote WHITE NOISE. There's certainly no denying that death, and the many things we do to avoid facing it, is a major focus of DeLillo's novel. Becker's book, which won the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 1974, has as it's thesis the assertion that "the idea of death, the fear of it, haunts the human animal like nothing else; it is a mainspring of human activity---activity designed largely to avoid the fatality of death, to overcome it by denying in some way that it is the final destiny for man." Becker's point is that this is *the* driving force in the human psyche today...which I think is overstating the matter a bit...but it certainly is a reality that all of us face in some way, sooner or later. As I looked through Becker's book last month, I was surprised to discover that it's actually an exposition of the work of Otto Rank. Rank was the third of the three famous defectors from Freud's inner psychoanalytic circle early this century (the others being Alder and Jung), and he's known in the literary world to a certain extent because of his intimate involvement with Anais Nin. Like Jung, Rank developed a psychology of mythology and religion...and, in particular, Rank's emphasis was "The Hero" motif. This is what Jung called "the puer aeternus" (or the female "puella")---the eternal youth...who never ages...who never dies...to whom death is nothing. In psychology, this idea is linked closely with that of narcissism, which is considered prevalent in society today. Just look at all the things we do to avoid the appearance of aging! Jack Gladney is, at best, an unlikely Hero, I think.

The Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimension Business Essay Essay

This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section defines culture, its importance in international business and the various cultural dimensions for working globally. The next section describes the culture of India and U.K. and reviews the impact of culture on the working of Hilton Hotel Group in both the countries. Finally, it ends with a brief summary. CULTURE Hofstede (2003) defines culture as â€Å"the collective programming of mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from another.† It is evident that people from diverse environment can misunderstand each other. When two people interact in an organization, culture characterizes their behavior and attitude towards others. When a company plans to start a business in abroad, employees with good communication skills and with the ability to adapt into new environment are chosen to travel and interact with people of various cultures and nationalities. (Mead, 1992) This table shows the division of world’s population according to Region, Language and Religion which are the major aspects of determining ones culture. Taylor (1870) defines culture as â€Å"that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society†. Culture plays a very important role in business. All civilizations have its own cultural elements like language, religion, values, attitude, customs, education, aesthetics and social institutions. (Czinkota, 2007) Culture passes from one generation to the other, however it can vary from one group to the other. Every society has its own point of view and opinion about various situations; however, it acts as a barrier to communication. (Daniels, Lee and Sullivan, 2004) CULTURAL DIMENSIONS Geert Hofstede, a much known professor carried out the study of impact of culture on individuals at a workplace. It took him six years to complete this study as it consists of interviews of more than 100,000 employees from 70 countries. According to Hofstede 2004, â€Å"the UK has 35 points in power distance, 89 in individualism, 66in masculinity, 35 in uncertainty avoidance and 25 in long term orientation†. Power Distance – According to Hofstede, 2004, â€Å"Inequality exists in every culture; however the extent to which less  powerful members of the society agree to the inequality differs from one culture to the other. Power distance is related to the different solutions to the basic problem of human inequality† High power creates less communication amongst the bosses and employees whereas when the power is low, employees communicate more with their superiors for the decision making purposes. Individualism vs. collectivism- Individualism is defines as the cap ability of a human being to only take care of himself or his family where as collectivism describes a group of people who look after each and every member of that group. (Hofstede, 2004) These two dimensions describe the individualist or collectivist culture of a human being. Masculinity vs. Femininity – The third dimension is one of the most dominating factors of a culture. Countries where men are considered to be more strong and tough and women are considered to be more delicate and soft follow masculine culture where as countries where men and women are considered equal in terms of strength and tenderness follow feminine culture. (Hofstede, 2004) Uncertainty Avoidance – It is the level to which an individual can accept sudden changes and situations. Companies which have the tendency to admit unpredicted circumstances and dislike uncertainty have high uncertainty avoidance score culture whereas countries which take things as they come and are prepared for any change at any point of time have low uncertainty avoidance score culture. (Hofstede, 2004) Long term vs. short term orientation – The fifth dimension known as the Long term vs. short term orientation was discovered quite later by Hofstede with the help of a survey intended by Chinese scholars. According to Hofstede (2004), â€Å"long-term orientation means focusing to the future whereas short term orientation is focusing on the present and past. In long term oriented societies, pragmatism, perseverance is valued more; in short term oriented societies, respect for tradition and return favours is valued more†. HOME CULTURE VERSUS FOREIGN CULTURE Tayeb (1998) says that the decision to become involved in international business depends, among others, on the size of the company’s domestic market, its production capacity and capability, and the financial and other resources that the foreign market requires. In that way, firms can be placed on an internationalisation scale ranging from domestic single nation to  totally globalise. The extent to which national culture becomes relevant to a firm can be shown in the following table. The company’ own home country culture is of high relevance, though the managers and other employees may not be aware of its influence. The relevance of other people’s culture becomes greater for a firm as it spreads its activities and products past its national boundaries to reach foreigners with different value systems and tastes (Tayeb 1998). IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Understanding culture and its impact on international business is very important for the firm and its employees. Organizations differ not only on the basis of international culture but national culture as well. According to Ball et al. (1996), doing business with another culture is not an easy task and to be successful, every foreign company should be aware and follow some rules that make their business activity more compatible. They state that there are six rules of thumb for doing business in another culture. Even if these can be important when doing business in the home country, they become more crucial when going abroad. Johansson (2000) states that it should be kept in mind that even if adaptation to the foreign culture is good when it comes to future negotiations and co-operations, there is a limit for how far a manager should go to try to accommodate this foreign culture. Mistrust from the other part can be created if for example a manager is trying to adapt to the foreign cul ture and is doing this superficial and with lack of deeper meaning. This can lead to misinterpretation and seen as matter of insincerity. When a company begins to work outside its national country, it encounters various environmental and cultural changes which is not the case in own country. If one does not understand these cultural differences, then he might to face barriers in the success of the organization globally. (Lane et al, 2001). More international operations lead to more interaction and communication with people and companies working in different culture. Therefore, in order to operate productively, it is a basic need to understand or have knowledge of different cultural attributes and contrast. (Adler 1983). Ferner and Quintanilla (1998), state that â€Å"companies need to operate as one organisation which face global environment although they are consisted of different subunits which carry the characteristics of the local environment  they operate in and the companies also bring the cultural elements of the home countries which they o riginated in† Since the study of national and international cultures has become of the most acknowledged topic, therefore, it is important to learn culture, its importance and impacts in international business. IMPACT OF CULTURE ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS According to the article on Cultural impact on international Business, 2011, Culture influences international business in many ways. When culture and business interrelate with each other, it directs to the growth of fascinating circumstances or situation. When diverse cultures come together at an ordinary point with business as the podium, the spar is bound to happen. But most significantly, such circumstances assist us in becoming accustomed to demanding situations. Various societies or nations around the globe pursue different gestures and manners. The technique to see a difficulty might vary from country to country in the world. The global business culture, altogether, is an assembly of a variety of industry tradition, cultural power and the consideration development followed in different countries. Below are discussed the impacts of culture on an international business on the basis of body language, communication, time etc. Body Language Every country follows a different culture, which can be clearly found or seen in the behaviour and body language of its people. In order to work internationally, accepting the facts about underneath gesture or motion becomes essential. There is likelihood that people can get the wrong impression about the actions of different cultures. Thus, it calls for an accomplished planner to handle tricky state of affairs for the duration of conference. (Moran et al,2011) Communication Communication is another aspect of culture that affects the international business. Different countries have different ways of communication. The words and vocabulary used by a few people might sound unkind to others. The pronunciation of some words could have a different impact on the cultural ways of communicating in the commercial sector. This can also act as an obstacle in the progression of business communication. (Moran et al, 2011) Time The first thing that comes to mind when we talk about time in business in Punctuality. Britishers and Germans are very punctual and follow a time-bound schedule. The various ‘time-cultures’ could be one of the major factors for creating differences amongst people from miscellaneous ethnicity. Multinational Companies follow a schedule for meetings while doing a business and the way in which meetings are handles could also be the cause of having different point of views. (Moran et al, 2011) â€Å"It is necessary for corporate houses to understand the social conditions of different countries, to successfully tap the respective markets. Being sensitive to the values and beliefs of different cultures of the world is necessary†. (Leung 2005) The marketing executives sent abroad to operate business out of the country go through various problems and difficulties in trading with the commercial tradition and customs of that country. To target the international market and customers is not an easy task. It requires qualified experts who are trained and talented to deliver the best of their capability to the clients. CULTURE OF INDIA India is a vast country which houses diverse cultures, ethnic groups and races. The immense population of more than a billion people has resulted from invasions, relocations and inter-marriages that took place over the centuries. According to an article published in the Inter science Management Review (2012), the various customs and traditions followed by people reflects in the business mores of India. With the advent of technology, the companies have now started to venture out into international markets. It has thus helped the human resources and the organizations to get exposed to diverse working environments across nations. India has greatly benefited by this turn of events as the gap in the work culture of India and other nations has thus decreased to some extent. INDIAN WORK CULTURE First and foremost, the Indian etiquette calls for Namaste being a fundamental mode of greeting or saying goodbye. Recently though, education has brought about a reform in this practice as men and women now prefer to shake hands. Due to their politeness and respect towards their guests,  Indian people have trouble saying no. This aspect of their nature may act as a hurdle in sealing of contracts or doing negotiations. Paramount respect, courtesy and generosity is showered upon guests in India. It is a utopia for the international travellers. (Rai and Neelankavil, 2009) Rai and Neelankavil, 2009 also state that one of the major drawbacks of the Indian work culture is that there is no management of time. Indians don’t score too well in terms of punctuality; long delays in meetings, cancellation or rescheduling of the same are a common sight. This has found its roots in the basic mindset of people and the Indian culture. Another major failing of the Indian work system is the general slack of work in the Government offices which leads to delays in meting out results, excess of the red tape baggage that leads people not to have confidence in the system. Therefore, any transactions in India call for a huge amount of patience to be able to meet with the results. The article published in Inter Science Management Review, 2012 also states that Despite other shortcomings, Indians fare well in matters of the English language. The adeptness of the average middle class over the language is laudable. There is absolutely no hitch in sending and receiving of official letters, emails or faxes. The office environment in India is usually very formal and there are no personal relationship between the bosses and the subordinates. The decision making in almost all of the private companies is from top to bottom, which may take a long time for the decision to be made and implemented. This accounts for the general lack of management inside the working sector. Most of the Indians carry their work pressure home. They put in extra hours at work hence losing the work-life balance. This creates more pressure on them as the workplace demands are entirely different from that of the family. All this is done in an effort to earn monetary benefits and climb higher on the ladder of hierarchy of the workplace. Indians generally don’t make good mentors, they are soft critics and don’t stand up against something wrong as much as they should. This is thought to be because of the process of appraisal, the appraiser demands positive feedback despite the gaping holes in management and work. The lack of dexterity of the appraiser is usually the main reason behind lack of the much needed critical review. Indians have a hard time coping with changes of any sort, be it changes in management or work timings. A lot of time and energy is required for Indians to bring the change to practice. IMPACT OF  CULTURE ON HILTON HOTEL, INDIA One such new path is the concern with national culture. Whereas traditional IB research has been concerned with economic/legal issues and organizational forms and structures, the importance of national culture – broadly defined as values, beliefs, norms, and behavioural patterns of a national group – has become increasingly important in the last two decades, largely as a result of the classic work of Hofstede (1980). National culture has been shown to impact on major business activities, from capital structure to group performance Gibson (2002). Cross-cultural experimental literature examining the influence of individual characteristics has evolved, yielding greater sophistication and specification to our understanding of culture’s influence. Much early cross-cultural work tested only for the main effects of culture – often using national culture as a proxy variable for a given cultural orientation. That work, exploring the influence of the presence (a main effect) of a given cultural orientation, laid the groundwork for more complex experiments to follow, which test how differences in the levels (a moderating influence) of a cultural orientation (even a primed, temporary one) influence behaviours or perceptions. The research of Gelfand et al. (2002) examined both the main effects and the moderating effects of individual characteristics on the Hilton Hotel in India. Using national culture as proxy for cultural orientation, their results support robust findings of self-serving biases in individualist cultures (Thompson and Lowenstein, 1992), where ‘the self is served by enhancing one’s positive attributes to stand out and be better than others’, but find relatively less bias in a collectivistic culture, in which ‘the self is served by focusing on one’s weaknesses to blend in and maintain interdependence with others’. However, they also measured individual self-construal, and demonstrate that independent self-construal are higher in India and are positively related to self-serving biases. Thus, not only is a main effect of culture on the working of Hilton Hotel in India, but the examination of individual self-construal helps to explain why such an effect exists. Research of this type is especially valuable given that much of the theory underlying business research has been developed and tested exclusively in Western contexts. Diversity: Most organizations in the India, particularly large  ones, strive for consistency, standardization, and agreement, largely from the misleading assumption that the elimination of divergence/diversity automatically results in efficiency and success. This traditional view of organizational structure assumes that contradictions are to be first prioritized, and then eliminated, so that everything will run smoothly. We have all known managers and executives who need their subordinates to agree with their decisions, tell them they are doing a terrific job, and avoid challenging their authority. While this may be organizationally neat and psychologically comforting, it is stifling, stagnating, and, over the long haul, counterproductive. Experimental research focusing on the moderating influence of individual characteristics contributes to this literature because it directly tests whether these processes, biases, and behaviours are indeed universal phenomena, or whether they are specific to Western populations. As Oyserman et al. (2002b) point out in their Meta-analysis of research on collectivism/individualism, cultural priming is one of the most promising areas of cross-cultural research. The theoretical underpinnings of priming stem from social cognition research, which shows that accessible knowledge influences behaviour, and that temporarily accessible and chronically salient knowledge produce equivalent effects in the laboratory. Thus, priming techniques ‘create an experimental analogue of chronic differences between cultural groups by temporarily focusing participants’ attention on different cultural content or values’. (Hong et al., 2000) Examples of this research would be the study mentioned in an earlier section, as well as which primed participants with cues that were or were not congruent with their cultural orientation (e.g., using pronouns such as ‘I’ and ‘me’ for an independence priming or ‘we’ and ‘our’ for an interdependent priming) and examined the influence on factors such as cognitive speed and accuracy, memory, and attitudes. Results across all the experiments indicate the existence of a chronic cultural orientation, and one that is more malleable in the face of a primed orientation. CULTURE OF U.K There are about 3.7 million businesses in the U.K which includes 75% of jobs in service industry like hotels, restaurants, travelling, shopping, computers and finance. This sector consists of more than 20 million  employees and 22 percent of British workers work more than 48 hours a week. (Pryce, 2007) According to the Central Intelligence Agency (2007), the United Kingdom is one of the most developed countries in the world and being a leader in trade as well as the leader as the financial centre. It is seen as one of the largest five economies in Europe, with banking, insurance and other business services being an integral part of it. As the United Kingdom is a part of the EU, most of the institutions and policies are in accordance with the regulations laid out by the EU. As the UK has a monarchical constitution, the government rarely gets involved in the matters of economy, its main concern is with improving public services like education and health (The Economist, 2007). A large number of international and global enterprises find home in the United Kingdom (Ferner and Varul, 2000). Due to diverse work environments provided by these global enterprises, the British companies get to experience the work culture provided by the international markets and manage it efficiently. An argument provided by Ferner and Varul (2000) states that the British enterprises have a niche above other companies in terms of development of customer friendly policies and structures. Also, these enterprises play an integral role in globalization of industries, thus placing UK in the top realm to play the role of international operations armed with international companies. Hence, the UK could be expected to be the place with the most number of globalized companies with leading role of international operations. KEY CONCEPT AND VALUES OF BRITISH CULTURE According to an article on International Business Negotiations 2005, United Kingdom consists of a blend of four cultural and ethnic backgrounds named as England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. Such a multicultural country persists to bring together its rich culture and modern attitude. The understanding of the basic principled business standards of the United Kingdom is very important for any company that wishes to operate business in such an inherited and reputable country. Indirectness – The most important aspect of British culture is its way of approach and communication. In the U.K, people are known well for their graciousness and good manners like courtesy, politeness and civility. While undertaking business in the UK, it is seen that straight questions obtain indistinct answers and the exchange  of dialogues takes place in detail. In order to understand what one really means to say, it is necessary to take note of the nature of voice and facial expressions. (Whi ttaker, 2009) ‘Stiff upper lip’ – â€Å"The term ‘stiff upper lip’ is often used to describe the traditionally British portrayal of reserve and restraint when faced with difficult situations†. All business meetings and deals are done with entire regulations and customs. Any positive or negative form of emotion should be neglected in the british work environment. (Whittaker, 2009) Humour – A vital element in all aspects of British life and culture is the renowned British sense of humour. The importance of humour in all situations, including business contexts, cannot be overestimated. Humour is frequently used as a defence mechanism, often in the form of self depreciation or irony. It can be highly implicit and in this sense is related to the British indirect communication style. (Whittaker, 2009) The United Kingdom is renowned for its colourful history and strong sense of tradition that has been shaped by a colonial empire, both civil and European war and a constitutional monarchy. The fourth largest trading nation, the UK is fast becoming Europe’s leading business centre. Supported by a long-established system of government and economic stability, the UK is a n attractive base for overseas business, offering skills in areas such as research, development and technology. However, in order to operate successfully in the UK business environment, there are a number of important issues to take into consideration both before and during your time there. (Kenna and Lacy, 1995) IMPACT OF CULTURE ON HILTON HOTEL, U.K. There are quite a few Hilton Hotels in the U.K. The most important cultural factors that affect the business of Hilton Hotel in U.K. are as follows: – PRICING Price plays a key role in creating customer value and building customer relationship, as well is one of the four elements of the marketing mix and an indicator that affects buyer choice. Many companies today compete with each other with different prices in both the domestic and the international market. Price is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue; all other elements represent cost (Kotler et al. 2007). Pricing is one of the most complicated decision areas encountered by Hilton Hotel, U.K.  Market prices at the customer level are much more difficult to control in international markets than in domestic market. The pricing of the Hilton Hotels in the U.K. in general is more complex and critical than those located in India. According to Chee et al. (1998), the price is critical because it affects the firm’s ability to stay in the market. The price is also complex, because of the diversity of markets, with their different environment such as, political, l egal, social, technological, consumer characteristics, etc. Thereby, price is an issue that can affect the international business and the company’s co-operations in the foreign country NEGOTIATIONS According to Tayeb (1998) language is one of the major issues when it comes to negotiations with trade partners from other cultures. Although it is not always indispensable to know the partner’s language, several studies shows that a link exists between successful company performance in winning new business in foreign markets, and the ability of the company to conduct its business in the language of the customer. Tayeb (1998) also states that there are some aspects of culture that manifest themselves in a negotiation situation. Foreign partners not only speak languages other than one’s own, but also have a tendency, for cultural reasons, to think in different ways and have different priorities in the way in which they do business. For example, some people prefer to do their business meetings with foreigners in a formal way, and would be offended to be addressed by their first name; some might believe that the use of an informal style and first name would signal to the p artners that they are trusted. Two partners from these different cultural backgrounds could easily misunderstand each other if they negotiate without a previous knowledge of one another’s assumptions and values. SUMMARY In today’s time of globalisation, international business is getting bigger and escalating for both multinational as well as local companies. Due to this, cross cultural matter have gained a lot of importance. In this literature review, the main focus has been to discuss culture, its importance and impact on Hilton Group of Hotel in India and U.K. This chapter has been presented to help the reader understand the basic  theoretical concepts which helps in the findings of the case study and answering the research question. This part of the thesis helped us in understanding the relationship between culture and international business. Development in the fields of technology and communication etc, companies from various cultures have started working together, thus making culture an important subject of discussion in International Business. This chapter discussed the Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions named Individualism, Power distance, Uncertainty, Masculinity and Long-Te rm orientation. It also explains the working culture of India and U.K and the impact of culture on the business of Hilton Hotel, India and Hilton Hotel, U.K. In international business negotiations, it is important to learn about the counterparts‟ culture and thus ameliorate the problems that can arise in the course of the negotiations. From this study, we can see that there are marked differences in the Indian and British negotiation styles which stem from cultural differences among the two countries. Knowledge of these differences will enable negotiators understand the negotiation behaviour of their counterparts with a view to making negotiations proceed with more ease. However, it is also important not to allow cultural stereotypes to determine the relationships with the potential business partners. This is because individuals may have their own distinct culture which does not always mirror the country’s perceived culture.